LMRPID-397461
Page 56
29th July 2024
Barriers to Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Cancer Among Bangladeshi Women: A Public Health Study
Researcher- MST SABRINA KANIZ | LGMID-27199320190101907
Reviewed by:
1. Prof. Victoria Carter
2. DH Sakib
3. Taskin Karim
Paper preview
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Literature Review
4. Methodology
5. Findings
6. Conclusion
7. References
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a significant public health issue in Bangladesh, causing nearly 5,000 deaths annually and ranking as the second most common cancer among women. Despite the availability of simple and effective screening methods and preventative vaccines, early detection remains a challenge due to various barriers. This study investigates the obstacles to early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer among Bangladeshi women. Conducted from January to June 2023, the study involved 89 women aged 35-59 years diagnosed with cervical cancer at a tertiary hospital. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed, including face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study aimed to identify factors associated with awareness and uptake of cervical cancer screening, analyzed through multiple logistic regression. Findings revealed that 52% of participants were largely unaware of cervical cancer screening, and 40% had not undergone screening due to the absence of symptoms. Only 8% had ever been screened. Barriers included emotional factors like fear and embarrassment, practical issues such as lack of time, and cognitive factors, notably the absence of symptoms. Many women were unaware of free screening services or faced household responsibilities, time constraints, or financial difficulties, such as transportation costs. Social stigma also played a significant role, as a cervical cancer diagnosis could be seen as shameful due to societal beliefs about sexual activity. The study found that education on cervical cancer screening and the need for treatment is less prevalent in rural areas, and privacy concerns are heightened in a religiously conservative society. Gynecological services are not easily accessible to women in rural and peri-urban areas, though screening is more acceptable when performed by female healthcare providers with adequate privacy. The study highlights the need for mass health campaigns focusing on screening in rural areas, improvements in healthcare infrastructure, community-based clinics, affordable vaccinations, school-based delivery systems, and increased awareness to reduce cervical cancer prevalence.
References
- Ahmed, F., Mahmud, S., Hatcher, J., & Khan, S. M. (2013). Breast cancer risk factor knowledge among nurses in teaching hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 11(1), 16.
- Bingham, A., Bishop, A., Coffey, P., Winkler, J., Bradley, J., Dzuba, I., & Agurto, I. (2003). Factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer prevention services in low-resource settings. Salud Publica Mex, 45(S3), S408-S416.
- Bosch, F. X., Lorincz, A., Muñoz, N., Meijer, C. J., & Shah, K. V. (2002). The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 55(4), 244-265.
- Bruni, L., Barrionuevo-Rosas, L., Albero, G., Serrano, B., Mena, M., Gómez, D., … & de Sanjosé, S. (2019). ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre). Human papillomavirus and related diseases in Bangladesh. Summary Report.
- Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Dikshit, R., Eser, S., Mathers, C., Rebelo, M., … & Bray, F. (2015). Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. International Journal of Cancer, 136(5), E359-E386.
- Gakidou, E., Nordhagen, S., & Obermeyer, Z. (2008). Coverage of cervical cancer screening in 57 countries: low average levels and large inequalities. PLoS Medicine, 5(6), e132.
- Ginsburg, O., Bray, F., Coleman, M. P., Vanderpuye, V., Eniu, A., Kotha, S. R., … & Conteh, L. (2017). The global burden of women’s cancers: a grand challenge in global health. The Lancet, 389(10071), 847-860.
- ICO/IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer. (2018). Bangladesh human papillomavirus and related cancers, fact sheet 2018. IARC CancerBase No. 15.
- Lăără, E., Day, N. E., & Hakama, M. (1987). Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in the Nordic countries: association with organised screening programmes. The Lancet, 329(8544), 1247-1249.
- Nahar, Q., & Begum, S. N. (2010). Cervical cancer in Bangladesh: Current and future strategies. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 9(3), 144-150.
- Nganwai, P., Yoocharoen, P., Kietpeerakool, C., Srisomboon, J., Suwanrungruang, K., & Khunamornpong, S. (2008). Knowledge, attitudes and practices vis-à-vis cervical cancer among registered nurses at the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 9(1), 15-18.
- Sankaranarayanan, R., Thara, S., Esmy, P. O., & Basu, P. (2008). Cervical cancer: screening and therapeutic perspectives. Medical Principles and Practice, 17(5), 351-364.
- Tsu, V. D., & Levin, C. E. (2008). Making the case for cervical cancer prevention: what about equity?. Reproductive Health Matters, 16(32), 104-112.
- Wamai, R. G., Ayissi, C. A., Oduwo, G. O., Perlman, S., Welty, E., Manga, S., & Ogembo, J. G. (2012). Assessing the effectiveness of a community-based sensitization strategy in creating awareness about HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among parents in North West Cameroon. Journal of Community Health, 37, 917-926.
- World Health Organization. (2013). Comprehensive cervical cancer control: a guide to essential practice. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Keywords
Cervical Cancer, Screening, Barriers, Awareness, Bangladesh, Public Health
All copyright reserved by Lilac magazine is under the Lilac Group of Companies. Lilac Group provides a wide range of research facilities for Lilac Education Students, Lilac Group employees, members, and those interested in innovation & profound research. Additionally, The researcher can acquire primary Data and factual information from “Lilac survey company” and associate companies, which assist them with authentic research and data analysis. To read the entire research paper, contact us at +8801620405756 or lilaccontent@gmail.com with LMRPID. Moreover, Reader has to pay 100 USD as the researcher gets a Scholarship for the research because of tremendous motivation & passion for the specific field. Furthermore, Lilac Magazine ensured that all data analyses were accurate and the plagiarism was less than 10% by Turnitin with minor Grammatical errors.