LMRPID-397467
Page 51
30th July 2024
Assessing the Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance on Public Health Systems in Bangladesh: Strategies for Mitigation and Policy Implementation
Researcher- PUNNASRI SAHA | LGMID-27199320190101839
Reviewed by:
1. Prof. Victoria Carter
2. DH Sakib
3. Taskin Karim
Paper preview
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Literature Review
4. Methodology
5. Findings
6. Conclusion
7. References
Abstract
An increasing global issue that seriously strains public health systems, especially in underdeveloped nations like Bangladesh, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents Microorganisms that adapt to withstand the effects of antimicrobial medications, therefore leaving them useless, are known as AMR; examples of these are bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In Bangladesh, public awareness is low, and poor healthcare rules and extensive antibiotic usage and overuse aggravate AMR. Focussing on the increased mortality rates, prolonged hospitalisations, and rising treatment costs linked with drug-resistant infections, this research investigates how AMR influences Bangladesh’s public health systems. Important causes of AMR are self-medication, uncontrolled antibiotic distribution, and regular prescription writing for viral diseases. In agriculture, the abuse of antibiotics to promote development and prevent sickness in cattle further accelerates bacterial resistance, which can be transferred to people by food consumption. Restricted access to diagnostic facilities and efficient treatments aggravates the issue; hence, managing infectious diseases becomes more challenging. Introduced to solve these issues, the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) is still not implemented enough because of legal gaps and poor public compliance. Several mitigating techniques suggested in this paper aim to fight AMR properly. With an eye towards ensuring antibiotics are distributed only with legitimate prescriptions from registered healthcare experts, strengthening rules on their usage and distribution is vital. To control antibiotic use, hospitals, pharmacies, and medical professionals must implement strong monitoring mechanisms. Using a centralized database for real-time AMR surveillance, authorities would be able to monitor trends and create focused actions. Launched public awareness efforts to inform local populations of the dangers of AMR and the need to use the right antibiotics. Improving diagnosis infrastructure guarantees correct prescriptions and lowers pointless antibiotic consumption. Strengthening Bangladesh’s response to AMR will depend on international cooperation, including technical support and financing. The immediate requirement of a multifarious strategy combining public education, policy enforcement, healthcare advancements, and worldwide collaboration is underlined in this study. Bangladesh can only lessen the terrible consequences of AMR on its public health system, protect the efficacy of antibiotics, and raise the general quality of life for its people using these combined actions.
References
- Rabbi, R., Shawon, B., Ferdous, Z., Rahman, M. T., Shahin, A., Mamun, A., & Rahaman, M. (2022). Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Similar Antibiotics Used for Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Bangladesh with Public Health Significance. Journal of Antimicrobial Resistance, 40-59.
- Fares, J., Jabbour, E., Haidar, A., Souidan, H., Soboh, I., Massaad, N., Dandachi, I., Moghnieh, R., Samaha, R., & Daoud, Z. (2019). Analysis of CAST in 9 Lebanese hospitals between 2008 and 2017. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 12(5), 650–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.002
- Hoque, R., Ahmed, S. M., Naher, N., Islam, M. A., Rousham, E. K., Islam, B. Z., & Hassan, S. (2020). Tackling antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh: A scoping review of policy and practice in human, animal, and environment sectors. PLOS ONE, 15(1), e0227947. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227947
- Rahman, M. S., & Huda, S. (2014). Antimicrobial resistance and related issues: An overview of the Bangladesh situation. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v9i2.18831
- Faiz, M. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Bangladesh Perspective. Journal of Medicine and Health Policy, 11(2), 11–12.
- Ahmed, S. K., Husein, S., Qurbani, K., Ibrahim, R. H., Fareeq, A., Mahmood, K. A., & Mohamed, M. G. (2024). Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects. Journal of Medicine Surgery and Public Health, 2(1), 100081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100081
- World Health Organization. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance. Retrieved November 21, 2023, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
- Smith, R., & Coast, J. (2013). The economic burden of antimicrobial resistance: Why it is more serious than the economic perspective. Journal of Economic and Public Health, 25(4), 312-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeph.2013.03.004
- Klein, E. Y., Van Boeckel, T. P., Martinez, E. M., Pant, S., Gandra, S., Levin, S. A., & Laxminarayan, R. (2018). Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. PNAS, 115(15), E3463-E3470. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717295115
- Laxminarayan, R., Matsoso, P., Pant, S., Brower, C., Rottingen, J., Klugman, K., & Davies, S. (2016). Access to effective antimicrobials: A worldwide challenge. The Lancet, 387(10014), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00474-2
- O’Neill, J. (2016). Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: Final report and recommendations. The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. Retrieved from https://amr-review.org
- Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Healthcare Statistics in Bangladesh 2023. Government of Bangladesh.
- Islam, M. Z., Haque, M. A., & Rahman, M. A. (2020). The state of healthcare in Bangladesh: Current challenges and future directions. Asian Journal of Health Policy and Management, 12(2), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhpm.2020.03.007
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-resistance/index.html
- Livermore, D. M., Hope, R., Brick, G., & Johnson, A. P. (2020). Antibiotic resistance trends: The story of surveillance systems. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 70(6), 1506-1515. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dku121
Keywords
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Public health systems, Bangladesh, Antibiotic misuse, Policy enforcement
All copyright reserved by Lilac magazine is under the Lilac Group of Companies. Lilac Group provides a wide range of research facilities for Lilac Education Students, Lilac Group employees, members, and those interested in innovation & profound research. Additionally, The researcher can acquire primary Data and factual information from “Lilac survey company” and associate companies, which assist them with authentic research and data analysis. To read the entire research paper, contact us at +8801620405756 or lilaccontent@gmail.com with LMRPID. Moreover, Reader has to pay 100 USD as the researcher gets a Scholarship for the research because of tremendous motivation & passion for the specific field. Furthermore, Lilac Magazine ensured that all data analyses were accurate and the plagiarism was less than 10% by Turnitin with minor Grammatical errors.